Domicile is the gateway for locals to seek entry into the state government jobs and educational institutions with ease.
PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED -
1. Violation of Constitutional Rights - It's a clear breach of Article 14 and Article 16 which ensures Right to Equality and Equal opportunity in public employment to all Indians.
2. Augments regional disparity and destroys social fabric - Domicile policy increases tensions between locals and outsiders leading to hatred and animosity.
3. Reduced Talent inside bureaucracy - It leads to imparting jobs to even those who even does not deserve to be a part of the system.
4. Investment reduction - Big MNC's hesitate to invest in such states with rigid domicile-based reservations fearing inefficiency.
5. Economic inactivity - Metro cities with diverse populace may face financial hindrance and can destroy social harmony.
6. Higher educational quality degrades - State run universities may suffer severely if they give preference to domicile over merit leading to brain drain as the worth talent moves to other states and even goes abroad facing such discriminatory behavior. Example - Jharkhand.
7. Failure of legal framework - In 2016, Jharkhand introduced Domicile policy and other state students failed to even fill the vacancies which was in place till 2022 leading to entry of only locals inside lower bureaucracy. Even if the Courts strike down such policy, it cannot replenish the rights of those violated during those 6 years who were denied to even fill the forms.
8. People of such domicile states has to face criticism when they move away from their own land due to such biased state policy which is mostly a political tool used by state level political parties.
9. Evolution and spread of Pessimism - Such policies create an unfavorable ambience and negativity prospers. e.g., residents of Bihar and UP where population density is highest has to face the worst as they fail to get a job in their states due to humongous and cut-throat competition and get depressed when they see that their state has no domicile policy of their own. Even if they have their own Domicile policy then also the chances of getting through will be minimal as compared to other states due to huge number of applicants.
10. Decline of Patriotism - Few people of such states induce a feeling of separation from others because of a set precedent. e.g., Tamil Nadu.
STATES THAT HAVE INTRODUCED DOMICILE IN HUGE NUMBERS -
1. Jharkhand - 75%
2. Haryana - 75%
3. West Bengal - 85%
4. Rajasthan - 75%
5. Maharashtra - 80%
6. Karnataka - 70%
7. Madhya Pradesh - 100%
8. Andhra Pradesh - 75%
9. Tamil Nadu - Strong preference for the Tamilians.
10. Uttarakhand - Strong preference for the locals.
REMEDIES AVAILABLE -
1. Domicile should be introduced in every state where percentage of reservation should be decided by keeping in view the population density of their respective states so that both the locals and outsiders will have a fair chance of getting through the entire selection process. e.g., Bihar and UP needs to have this instantly to fulfill the aspirations of the young generations.
2. This Policy should be seen from the positive aspect of elevating those who are downtrodden and it's our responsibility to look after them and create a level playing field for all.
3. Locals should be taught that spirit of nationalism and brotherhood is above all other trivial matters.
4. Unity with dignity - situation can only change if we initiate taking stand for others. i.e., Outsiders should be of the opinion that domicile must be there in other states for their elevation and locals should be supporting domicile with a comparatively lower sharing so that outsiders who will take an entry on the general category seats will come with a meritorious background and yield outstanding performance while in the service that will help in prospering their own states.
5. Domicile should be limited to Government jobs and educational institutions and should not be granted for private sector as private sector has a massive population and creating hinderance for others with such numbers will only promote trust deficit among the fellow Indians.
6. Land purchase ban should be removed partially as it violates constitutional mandate granted under Article 19(1)(e) but a certain percentage of the land should be restricted for the local community as well which is granted in Article 19(5) of the Indian Constitution. e.g., Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand has a complete ban which is obviously not beneficial for a prosperous India. Here, Jharkhand has introduced a sustainable policy in which local tribal population's land cannot be purchased by outsiders under CNT and SPT laws but rest other lands can be purchased by any Indian belonging to any other state.
7. Domicile policy if used wisely then it can act as an economic security tool not only for locals but for pan India as well.
8. It helps in maintaining social stability and cultural preservation.
9. It's better implementation can also prove worthy for the tourism development.
10. This will help the Indian government to let the other countries believe in the essence of "VASUDHAIVA KUTUMBAKUM" and promote the real meaning of tolerance to the entire globe.
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